Conversion factors
1 Energy
1.1 Energy: carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to air.
Electricity based on landfill gas, biogas, hydro and wind is considered to have zero net carbon dioxide emissions.
2003 data sets.
Gas: 190g CO2/kWh (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions [DETR] Guidelines for Company Reporting on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2001).
Fossil fuel electricity: 430g CO2/kWh (DETR, 2001).
Oil: 250.8g CO2/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
CHP: 129g CO2/kWh (Dalkia Energy Services Ltd, 2003).
2002 data sets.
Gas: 190g CO2/kWh (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions [DETR] Guidelines for Company Reporting on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2001).
Fossil fuel electricity: 430g CO2/kWh (DETR, 2001).
CHP: 129g CO2/kWh (Dalkia Energy Services Ltd, 2003).
2001 datasets.
Gas: 190g CO2/kWh (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions [DETR] Guidelines for Company Reporting on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2001).
Fossil fuel electricity: 430g CO2/kWh (DETR, 2001).
2000 data sets.
Gas: 190g CO2/kWh (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions [DETR] Guidelines for Company Reporting on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 1999).
Fossil fuel electricity: 440g CO2/kWh (DETR, 1999).
1999 data sets.
Gas: 190g CO2/kWh (Building Research Energy Conservation Support Unit, [BRECSU] 2000).
Fossil fuel electricity: 470g CO2/kWh (BRECSU, 2000).
1998 data sets.
Gas: 191g CO2/kWh (BRECSU, 1999).
Fossil fuel electricity: 473g CO2/kWh (BRECSU, 1999).
1997 data sets.
Gas: 191g CO2/kWh (BRECSU, 1998).
Fossil fuel electricity: 484g CO2/kWh (BRECSU, 1998).
1.2 Energy: sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions to air.
Electricity based on hydro and wind taken to have zero SO2 emissions.
2003 data sets.
Gas: 0.011g SO2/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Fossil fuel electricity: 3.141g SO2/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Oil: 1.620g SO2/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Landfill gas: 0.299g SO2/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
Biogas: 0.011g SO2/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
CHP: 0.0075g SO2/kWh (Dalkia Energy Services Ltd, 2003).
2002, 2001, 2000 and 1997 data sets.
Gas: 0.011g SO2/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Fossil fuel electricity: 3.141g SO2/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Landfill gas: 0.299g SO2/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
Biogas: 0.011g SO2/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
CHP: 0.0075g SO2/kWh (Dalkia Energy Services Ltd, 2003).
1.3 Energy: nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions to air.
2003 data sets.
Electricity based on hydro and wind taken to have zero emissions.
Gas: 0.202g NOx/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Fossil fuel electricity: 1.134g NOx/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Oil: 0.36g NOx/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Landfill gas: 2.088g NOx/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
Biogas: 0.18g NOx /kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
CHP: 0.137g NOx/kWh (Dalkia Energy Services Ltd, 2003).
2002 data sets.
Gas: 0.202g NOx/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Fossil fuel electricity: 1.134g NOx/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Landfill gas: 2.088g NOx/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
Biogas: 0.18g NOx /kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
CHP: 0.137g NOx/kWh (Dalkia Energy Services Ltd, 2003).
2001, 2000 and 1997 data sets.
Gas: 0.202g NOx/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Fossil fuel electricity: 1.134g NOx/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Landfill gas: 2.088g NOx/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
Biogas: 0.18g NOx /kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
1.4 Energy: particulate emissions to air.
Electricity based on hydro, wind and gas (including CHP) taken to have zero emissions.
2003 data sets.
Fossil fuel electricity: 0.061g particulates/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Oil: 0.054g particulates/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Landfill gas: 0.101g particulates/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
Biogas: 0.011g particulates/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
2002, 2001, 2000 and 1997 data sets.
Fossil fuel electricity: 0.061g particulates/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Landfill gas: 0.101g particulates/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
Biogas: 0.011g particulates/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
1.5 Energy: volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions to air.
Electricity based on hydro, wind and biogas taken to have zero emissions.
2003 data sets.
Gas: 0.018g VOC/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Fossil fuel electricity: 0.025g VOC/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Oil: 0.011g VOC/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Landfill gas: 2.088g VOC/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
CHP: 0.01224g VOC/kWh (Dalkia Energy Services, 2003).
2002 data sets.
Gas: 0.018g VOC/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Fossil fuel electricity: 0.025g VOC/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Landfill gas: 2.088g VOC/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
CHP: 0.01224g VOC/kWh (Dalkia Energy Services, 2003).
2001, 2000 and 1997 data sets.
Gas: 0.018g VOC/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Fossil fuel electricity: 0.025g VOC/kWh (Clifford Talbot Partnership, 2002).
Landfill gas: 2.088g VOC/kWh (European Commission ATLAS and Ecotricity, 2002).
Follow this link to the energy datasets
2 Persistent Bio-Accumulative Chemicals
2.1 Global warming potential of organohalogens in use (CO2 tonnes equivalent).
All datasets.
CFC R12: 8,500 Global Warming Potential (GWP) (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] using a 100 year time scale, relative to a value of 1.0 for CO2, 1994).
Halon 1301: 5,600 GWP (IPCC, Third Assessment Report: Climate Change, 2001).
HCFC R22: 1,700 GWP (IPCC, 1994).
HFC R134a: 1,300 GWP (IPCC, 1994).
HFC R417a: 1,950 GWP (IPCC, 1994).
HFC R407c: 1,610 GWP (IPCC, 1994).
Hydrocarbon: 3 GWP (World Meteorological Organisation Scientific Assessment on Ozone Depletion, Geneva, 1998).
Lithium Bromide: 0 GWP (United States Environment Protection Agency [USEPA] 2002).
Ammonia: 0 GWP (USEPA, 2002).
Follow this link to the persistent bio-accumulative chemicals datasets
3 Transport
3.1 Transport: carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
2003 data sets.
Cars and vans.
Petrol employee cars: 0.20kg CO2/km (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions [DETR] Guidelines for Company Reporting on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2001).
Diesel employee cars: 0.12kg CO2/km (DETR, 2001).
Petrol company cars (bank): 0.182kg CO2/km (assumes emissions based on Euro III standard) (Vehicle Certification Agency [VCA] 2000).
Diesel company cars (bank): 0.12kg CO2/km (DETR, 2001).
Diesel FAP 307 (bank company cars): 0.138kg CO2/km (Peugeot, 2001).
Diesel FAP 406 (bank company cars):0.168kg CO2/km (Peugeot, 2001).
Diesel FAP 607 (bank company cars): 0.178kg CO2/km (Peugeot, 2002).
Diesel FAP 806 (bank company cars): 0.184kg CO2/km (Peugeot, 2001).
All hire cars and CIS car scheme cars: – calculated according to actual emissions of vehicles hired.
Petrol vans: 0.309kg CO2/km (Environmental Technology Support Unit [ETSU] 1996).
Diesel vans: 0.267kg CO2/km (ETSU, 1996).
Air, rail and freight.
Air: 0.11kg CO2/km (short haul flights) 0.18kg CO2/km (DETR Guidelines, 2001).
Rail: 0.06kg CO2/km (DETR Guidelines, 2001).
Freight mail: 31.35kg CO2/km per 1000 items of mail (Real Unit Environmental Cost [RUEC] Royal Mail, 2001).
2002 data sets.
Cars and vans.
Petrol employee cars (bank): 0.20kg CO2/km (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions [DETR] Guidelines for Company Reporting on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2001).
Diesel employee cars (bank): 0.12kg CO2/km (assumes small 2.0 litre) (DETR, 2001).
Petrol company cars (bank): 0.182kg CO2/km (assumes emissions based on Euro III standard) (Vehicle Certification Agency [VCA] 2000).
Diesel company cars (bank): 0.12kg CO2/km (assumes small 2.0 litre) (DETR, 2001).
Diesel FAP 307 (bank company cars): 0.138kg CO2/km (Peugeot, 2001).
Diesel FAP 406 (bank company cars): 0.168kg CO2/km (Peugeot, 2001).
Diesel FAP 607 (bank company cars): 0.178kg CO2/km (Peugeot, 2002).
Diesel FAP 806 (bank company cars): 0.184kg CO2/km (Peugeot, 2001).
All employee cars (CIS): 0.16kg CO2/km (average of petrol and diesel conversion factors).
All hire cars and CIS car scheme cars: – calculated according to actual emissions of vehicles hired.
Petrol vans: 0.309kg CO2/km (Environmental Technology Support Unit [ETSU] 1996).
Diesel vans: 0.267kg CO2/km (ETSU, 1996).
Air, rail and freight.
Air: 0.11kg CO2/km (short haul flights) 0.18kg CO2/km (long haul flights) (DETR Guidelines, 2001).
Rail: 0.06kg CO2/km (DETR Guidelines, 2001).
Freight mail: 31.35kg CO2/km per 1000 items of mail (Real Unit Environmental Cost [RUEC] Royal Mail, 2001).
2001 data sets.
Cars and vans.
Petrol employee cars (bank): 0.20kg CO2/km (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions [DETR] Guidelines for Company Reporting on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2001).
Diesel employee cars (bank): 0.12kg CO2/km (assumes small 2.0 litre) (DETR, 2001).
Petrol company cars (bank): 0.182kg CO2/km (assumes emissions based on Euro III standard) (Vehicle Certification Agency [VCA] 2000).
Diesel company cars (bank): 0.12kg CO2/km (assumes small 2.0 litre) (DETR, 2001).
Diesel FAP 307 (bank company cars): 0.138kg CO2/km (Peugeot, 2001).
Diesel FAP 406 (bank company cars): 0.168kg CO2/km (Peugeot, 2001).
Diesel FAP 806 (bank company cars): 0.184kg CO2/km (Peugeot, 2001).
Petrol hire cars (bank): 0.20kg CO2/km (DETR Guidelines, 2001).
All employee cars (CIS): 0.16kg CO2/km (average of petrol and diesel conversion factors).
CIS car scheme cars: – calculated according to actual emissions of each vehicle.
Petrol vans: 0.309kg CO2/km (Environmental Technology Support Unit [ETSU] 1996).
Diesel vans: 0.267kg CO2/km (ETSU, 1996).
Air, rail and freight.
Air: 0.11kg CO2/km (short haul flights) 0.18kg CO2/km (long haul flights) (DETR Guidelines, 2001).
Rail: 0.06kg CO2/km (DETR Guidelines, 2001).
Freight Mail: 31.35kg CO2/km per 1000 items of mail (Real Unit Environmental Cost [RUEC] Royal Mail, 2001).
2000 data sets.
Cars and vans.
Petrol employee cars (bank): 0.20kg CO2/km (DETR Guidelines, 1999).
Diesel employee cars (bank): 0.12kg CO2/km (assumes small 2.0 litre) (DETR Guidelines, 1999).
Petrol company cars (bank): 0.182kg CO2/km (assumes emissions based on Euro III standard) (VCA, 2000).
Diesel company cars (bank): 0.12kg CO2/km (assumes small 2.0 litre) (DETR Guidelines, 1999).
Petrol hire cars (bank): 0.20kg CO2/km (DETR Guidelines, 1999).
Petrol vans (bank): 0.309kg CO2/km (ETSU, 1996).
Diesel vans (bank): 0.267kg CO2/km (ETSU, 1996).
All employee cars and car scheme cars (CIS): 0.16kg CO2/km (average of petrol and diesel conversion factors).
Air, rail and freight.
Air: 0.11kg CO2/km (short haul flights) 0.18kg CO2/km (long haul flights) (DETR Guidelines, 2001).
Rail: 0.06kg CO2/km (DETR Guidelines, 1999)
Freight mail: 31.25kg CO2/km per 1000 items of mail (RUEC, Royal Mail, 2000).
1999 (bank) data sets.
Petrol company cars: 0.198kg CO2/km (Peugeot, 2000).
Petrol employee cars: 0.20kg CO2/km (DETR Guidelines, 1999).
Diesel cars: 0.12kg CO2/km (assumes small 2.0 litre) (DETR Guidelines, 1999).
3.2 Transport: sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions.
Cars.
2003 (all) and 2002 (bank) data sets.
Petrol cars: 0.006g SO2/km (National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory [NAEI] 2002, fleet weighted emissions*).
Diesel cars: 0.005g SO2/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
2001 (bank) data sets.
Petrol cars: 0.006g SO2/km (National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory [NAEI] 2002, fleet weighted emissions*).
Diesel cars: 0.005g SO2/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
2000 (bank) data sets.
Petrol cars: 0.013g SO2/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions*).
Diesel cars: 0.005g SO2/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions*).
*NAEI factors for petrol car sulphur dioxide emissions supplied by: Tim Murrells, National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory, AEA Technology Environment, 45 Culham, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3ED.
Air and rail.
All data sets.
Air: 0.6615g SO2/km (NETCEN 2002).
Rail: 0.1647g SO2/km (National Environmental Technology Council [NETCEN] 2002).
3.3 Transport: nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.
Cars.
2003 (all) and 2002 (bank) data sets.
Petrol employee cars: 0.564g NOx/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Diesel employee cars: 0.331g NOx/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Petrol company cars (bank): weighted average emissions, 0.047g NOx/km; (VCA, 2001).
Diesel non-FAP company cars (bank): 0.331g NOx/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Diesel FAP 307 (bank company cars): 0.339g NOx/km (VCA, 2001).
Diesel FAP 406 (bank company cars): 0.348g NOx and hydrocarbons/km (VCA, 2001).
Diesel FAP 607 (bank company cars): 0.403 NOx and hydrocarbons/km (VCA, 2001).
Diesel FAP 806 (bank company cars): 0.403g NOx and hydrocarbons/km (VCA, 2001).
Petrol hire cars and CIS car scheme cars: 0.564g NOx/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Diesel hire cars and CIS car scheme cars: 0.331g NOx/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
2001 (bank) data sets.
Petrol employee cars: 0.564g NOx/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Diesel employee cars: 0.331g NOx/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Petrol company cars: weighted average emissions, 0.0478g NOx/km; 0.0475g NOx/km; 0.0472g NOx/km; 0.046g NOx/km (VCA, 2001).
Diesel FAP 307: 0.339g NOx/km (VCA, 2001).
Diesel FAP 406: 0.348g NOx and hydrocarbons/km (VCA, 2001).
Diesel FAP 806: 0.403g NOx and hydrocarbons/km (VCA, 2001).
Petrol hire cars: 0.564g NOx/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Diesel hire cars: 0.358g NOx/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
2000 (bank) data sets.
All petrol cars: 0.668g NOx/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
All diesel cars: 0.358g NOx/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Air and rail.
All data sets.
Air: 0.58625g NOx/km (NETCEN, 2002).
Rail: 0.4842g NOx/km (NETCEN, 2002).
3.4 Transport: particulate emissions.
Cars.
2003 (all) and 2002 (bank) data sets.
Petrol employee cars: 0.0125g particulates/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Diesel employee cars: 0.0511g particulates/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Petrol company cars: 0.0007g particulates/km (assumes emissions based on Euro III standard) (NAEI 2002).
Diesel non-FAP company cars: 0.040g particulates/km (assumes emissions based on Euro III standard) (NAEI 2002).
Diesel FAP 307: 0.003g particulates/km (VCA, 2001).
Diesel FAP 406: 0.001g particulates/km (VCA, 2001).
Diesel FAP 607: 0.006g particulates/km (VCA, 2001).
Diesel FAP 806: 0.001g particulates/km (VCA, 2001).
Petrol hire cars: 0.0007g particulates/km (assumes emissions based on Euro III) (NAEI 2002).
Diesel hire cars: 0.040g particulates/km (assumes emissions based on Euro III) (NAEI 2002).
2001 (bank) data sets.
Petrol employee cars: 0.0125g particulates/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Diesel employee cars: 0.0511g particulates/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Petrol company cars: 0.0007g particulates/km (assumes emissions based on Euro III standard) (NAEI 2002).
Diesel non-FAP company cars: 0.040g particulates/km (assumes emissions based on Euro III standard) (NAEI 2002).
Diesel FAP 307: 0.003g particulates/km (VCA, 2001).
Diesel FAP 406: 0.001g particulates/km (VCA, 2001).
Diesel FAP 806: 0.001g particulates/km (VCA, 2001).
Petrol hire cars: 0.0007g particulates/km (assumes emissions based on Euro III) (NAEI 2002).
2000 (bank) data sets.
Petrol employee cars: 0.0131g particulates/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Diesel employee cars: 0.0551g particulates/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Petrol company cars: 0.0007g particulates/km (assumes emissions based on Euro II standard) (NAEI 2002).
Diesel company cars: 0.057g particulates/km (assumes emissions based on Euro II standard) (NAEI 2002).
Petrol hire cars: 0.0007g particulates/km (assumes emissions based on Euro II standard) (NAEI 2002).
Air and rail.
All data sets.
Air: particulate conversion factor not available.
Rail: 0.0383g particulates/km (NETCEN, 2002).
3.5 Transport: volatile organic (VOC) emissions.
Cars.
2003 (all) and 2002 (bank) data sets.
Petrol employee cars: 0.425g VOC/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Diesel employee cars: 0.053g VOC/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Petrol company cars: weighted average emissions 0.064g VOC/km (VCA, 2001).
Diesel non-FAP company cars: 0.053g VOC/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Diesel FAP 307: 0.030g VOC/km (VCA, 2001).
Petrol hire cars: 0.425g VOC/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Diesel hire cars: 0.53g VOC/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
2001 (bank) data sets.
Petrol employee and hire cars: 0.425g VOC/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Diesel employee cars: 0.053g VOC/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Petrol company cars: weighted average emissions 0.0645g VOC/km; 0.0642g VOC/km; 0.0640g VOC/km; 0.063g VOC/km (VCA, 2001).
Diesel FAP 307: 0.030g VOC/km (VCA, 2001).
2000 (bank) data sets.
All petrol cars: 0.523g VOC/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
All diesel cars: 0.059g VOC/km (NAEI 2002, fleet weighted emissions).
Air and rail.
All data sets.
Air: 0.03705g VOC/km (NETCEN, 2002).
Rail: 0.0637g VOC/km (NETCEN, 2002).